Robert Cheatham Almost every definition of alchemy will
read it as an unscientific precursor to chemistry. Its main efforts were
to turn base metals into gold, to find a formula for eternal life, and
of course the search for the Philosopher’s Stone as a sort of universal
elixir/morphing agent of everything, from its most generalized dissolved
state (prima materia) into its most perfectible and pure state. The
exoteric mechanism was through the mixing of materials and moving though
a series of transformations; the accompanying and necessary esoteric
part involved mysterious internal transformations of its sorceric
participants. Unlike old-style nineteenth century positivist scientific
enquiry, the mind, its subtending regions and powers, was thought to be a
necessary part of the process of transformation. Until recently the
inclusion of what is now called “The Observer Effect” (from quantum
theory) was heresy to the standard model of scientific investigation.
After Kant, the subject and the object were thought to make a clean
break and conditions of contamination of subject/ivity with the object
of enquiry were to be avoided at all cost. Much contemporary thinking
now questions the possibility of the purity of such states: the object
and its range are now thought to be more mysterious (perhaps verging on
‘mindful’) than a positivist scientific account would contend; the
subject could also have a more objective aspect (under the duress of AI
studies and the other neurosciences). It might not be too awkward to say
that future sciences will have a touch of ‘magic’ about them (since
magic has always been about– whether in folklore, hoaxes, or ‘reality’–
those fluid boundary regions where the external and the internal, the
single and the multiple, the finite and the infinite meet and transmute
each into the other.) And of course alchemical processes are accompanied
by cryptic symbols and visuals thought to facilitate the efficacy of
those transforming processes . (In that respect alchemy shares a certain
relation to the image world as do other occultist studies such as
Voudon with its cryptic veves which are thought to designate and
facilitate the inward rush of spirit entities; also the ufological
concept of ‘alien image/text/self-activating software wherein
‘supernatural-like’ alien machinery reads and manifests itself).
Karen Pinkus contends that to start a discourse on the theory or
practice of alchemy “is already to be caught up in a form of ideology
that structures both alchemy and writing. Alchemy cannot be said to
exist as a method or practice standing outside of or beyond writing.
Like writing, or inasmuch as alchemy is writing, it is an admixture of
opposites, dominated by the couple inside and outside, ‘the matrix of
all possible opposition.’ The question of what is ‘outside’ of alchemy
is fundamental.” [1]
The ambivalence of the question of inside or outside is to be caught
in a position of oscillation which can lead away from the alchemical
master narrative in which matter and human (and animality [2] ) are
finally redeemed and stabilized and/or in which the unfortunate opposite
can happen: degeneration, unbinding, collapse – in other words, reverse
transmutation. Only an employment of rhetorical or logical strategies
can deny or disavow such a fall. Pinker quotes Derrida on the figure of
the pharmakon, a substance simultaneously poison and remedy:
This charm, this spellbinding virtue, this power of fascination, can
be—alternately or simultaneously— beneficent or maleficent. The
pharmakon would be a substance—with all that that word can connote in
terms of matter with occult virtues, cryptic depths refusing to submit
their ambivalence to analysis, already paving the way for alchemy—if we
didn’t have eventually to come to recognize it as anti-substance itself:
that which resists any philosopheme.
The most audacious of this pharmakonological haunting and conjuring
by images is photography, the technically facilitated image and its
accelerated cognates: the moving image, computer graphics, and
artificial intelligence, all of which confuse reference and source, or,
also embracing the generic, if you believe some theorists, do away with
reference all together. Roland Barthes proposes in Camera Lucida “a
theory of photographic becoming in which the photograph is a force of
transformation: in which models become images, images become subjects,
and subjects become photographs. And these images move and have their
existence inside us” [3] so that, as Bill Viola writes: “…images live
within us. At this moment we each have an extensive visual world inside
of us…We are living databases of images – collections of images – and
these images do not stop transforming and growing once they get inside
of us.” Or, as W.J.T. Mitchell [icon theorist] phrases it, “What do
pictures want?” Alchemy is about nothing if not putting into agency the
symbolic and the pictorial, activating the porous solidus between the
lingual and the visual. (That sutured slant is also called,
appropriately enough, a gold coin, the very metal that the alchemists
most adored … and which is still the case as the alchemical aspect has
entered into the occult world of financial wizardry [4] and banksters,
as well as the world wide simultaneous image culture.)
[To continue this line of thought using this piece from Cadava and Cortes-Rocca]:
Within this logic of transformation and metamorphosis, it is
impossible to sustain the abstraction we call ‘reference.’ The relation
between the reference and image, does not presuppose an object whose
being and existence precede, or remain outside, the process through
which it becomes an image. On the contrary, Barthes suggests that
photographic representation stages—makes absolutely ‘literal’—what is at
the heart of modern representation and this is precisely the putting
into crisis of a temporal order in which first there is an object and
then later its representation…. [5]
So, moving quickly now, what if alchemy weren’t a contorted version
of some sorcerer’s wet dream, and what if it didn’t just disappear due
to its ‘wrongness,’ and in fact didn’t disappear at all? What if it has
worked only too well in its emphasis on (cryptic and dark) transmutation
(a motif which one can only observe to be as old as humanity itself or
even, though the evolutionary imperative, the same as humanity’s
ascent), alchemy always being the dark mechanical side of transmutation,
even reflected in the constitution of its name: the al prefix from
Arabic the root perhaps coming from Greek Khem or Khamé, meaning dark or
black and then linking up with the foundation of the dark arts in
Egypt, finally making its way into the European traditions through its
importation from Arabic. Pinkus makes the point that “chemistry itself
is a purely Arabic word, from chama or hama (meaning ‘he hid or covered
up’) stressing the fact that the knowledge of chemistry/transformative
processes is passed down in secret; or from kimya or kimyao (burning,
furnace) to which was added the prefix al ).” She goes on to say that
Paracelsus, the great Renaissance alchemist-doctor, claims to have been
taught the art by a “Muslim in Turkey who also gave him the universal
dissolvent or azoth – death, or that which purifies; or the alkahest,
the spirit, or sophic fire, which is key to ‘al-chemistry,’ a science
named from the Arabic chom, and Hebrew
cham, meaning heat. Perhaps the word derives from the proper name Cham or Ham, son of Noah.”
Enough of the dark etymology. The point is that the cryptic side of
the phenomena known as alchemy is by its nature and nomenclature a dark
pursuit. What if an alchemical imperative has escaped (or always has
been) a worldwide culture—and has gone wrong?
This is somewhat the thesis of Scott de Hart and Joseph P. Farrell in
Transhumanism: a Grimoire of Alchemical Agendas. In the introduction
they state:
[….]superintending all the alchemical images and their implied
agendas that we survey here, there is one standing out above them all,
that both compels the agendas, and simultaneously reveals some of them
as forms of false alchemy; the image is that of primordial simplicity,
androgeny, or ‘Nothingness,’ or physical medium, or aether, or ‘ocean of
quantum flux,’ or Grand Architect of the Universe. The image goes by
many names, depending on the fashion of the age, and the particular
agenda emphasized, but it is, nevertheless, the same image.
This means that modern man is in a predicament, for he is about to be
sacrificed either upon an apocalyptic altar of alchemical science, or,
if one is to believe the ‘Three Great Yahwehisms; – Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam – slaughtered by a righteous God come back to
restore justice to the world by an unparalleled bloodletting, prior to
mankind’s final transformation – if one is to believe a certain strand
of Christian fundamentalist eschatology – into the very same sorts of
alchemical creations as the transhumanist science they excoriate. Either
way, the transhumanist gospels of Science or the revelations, prophets,
and ministers of Yahwism are saying the same thing: the New Age is
here; prepare to die as part of your process of alchemical
transformation.
To read the world now is to convert it into world – actually universe
spanning images – images which have an intimate and secret life,
relations which glide into affinities and analogies, creating chimeras
along the way. The World Wide Net is an alembic which seems to possess
processes which appear distinctly alchemical (when not sublimed into a
different reference structure). Individual desiring-engines collect,
foreign bodies roam the web finding, ghost-like, native bodies (and we
are all simultaneously, ‘natives’, and nomads, from that view
point—which is everywhere and nowhere, the heimlich (homed) and
unheimlich (uncanny, unhomed). We no longer can tell, foresee, or
predict even what sedimentation will form. Fiction and its other forms,
mashups creating shadow events which often supercede the true event,
i.e., the new saying “False information can create true events”:
information, or rather the information which survives the cauldron of
theatricality/performativity, becomes a form of fictive presence brought
into manifestation and presence. We thought that modernism was all
about evaporation/dissolution, disappearance, transparency, absence,
abandonment, forgetting of presence. But as Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht says,
these aspects of modernity may wane since “some of the ‘special effects’
produced today by the advanced communication technologies may turn out
to be instrumental in awakening a desire for presence.” Indeed. A second
world is being manifested in front of our eyes. The world is coming
alive again, re-enchanted through the aegis of an alchemical
instrumentality, not through a cabal of wizened sorcerers, but though
our instrumentation itself, digitalization working toward even greater
triumphs of manifestation and transmutation, “both a spiritualization of
matter and a materialization of light” (Giorgio Agamben).
However, one doesn’t need to postulate secret cabals of aliens, or
pointy hat alchemists/sorcerers since our world wide technology is
beginning to activate itself in some fashion, perhaps even the return of
the bicameral reality that never really went away but updates through
the aegis of the new hypertechnical/military/entertainment complex to
facilitate new emergences, new forms, hybrid plasticity, flesh with
apparition. As Colin Bennett so aptly puts it:
The prototypal form is a unique combination of glamour,
entertainment, and technology combined with all the mock-cerebral
elements of science, and engineering.
If information is a new form of intelligent life, the prototype as a
meme of information has, over the past 30 years, developed branches of
new life for itself. We have seen its ability to mount implicit
eroticism and glamour constructs, but over the past thirty years, it has
developed two new areas of mass-suggestion both in terms of popular
belief and national military industrial involvements.
In yet another attempt to change its image, the information complex
that is the prototypal form has vanished its image altogether. This “new
invisibility” contrasts with the glaring visibility of Nazis and aliens
in myth and folklore, films and SF novels. I refer to the vanishing of
the prototype, or rather its journey into technological legend, a
journey very different to the clatter-and-bang of its Nazi
manifestations. This disappearance is a process that has steadily
developed over the past forty years.
By way of contrast, there was a time when the prototypal aerial form
was a vital part of a nation’s ego, technological muscle, its hopes and
dreams. It was anything but invisible.
As always the fantasists are the key to opening our own life-saving
sense of wonder. They create the outlines of fantastic new options which
we absorb despite ourselves. We may despise and ridicule them, we
secretly admire their courage and their nerve, which never fails them.
Like the anomalies, the adventurers we are about to meet are always on
the night- side of town, where the real action is. Their mad devices are
an essential part of our secret lives, seeding ourselves into the
future quite beyond our three score years and ten.[6]
Perhaps it is the case that “alchemical” processes begun millennia
ago, at the very start of hominid speciation, are just now beginning to
reach their fruition or at least visibility (or failure). If so, X marks
the spot of the chiasmatic crossing between the human and its hybrid
chimeric others, plastic DNA unfolding, molded at ever greater rates and
combined with the machine.
Notes
[1] Karen Pinkus, Alchemical Mercury: A Theory of Ambivalence.
[2] One is inevitably reminded of Giorgio Agamben’s opening to The
Open: Man and Animal and the entire theriomorphic eschatological
explorations of animal headed gods. The whole book is germane as a
propadeutic to the question of open horizons and a closed horizon of any
purported anthroposcene :
It is not impossible, therefore, that in attributing an animal head
to the remnant of Israel, the artist of the manuscript in the Ambrosian
Library intended to suggest that on the last day, the relations between
animals and men will take on a new form, and that man himself will be
reconciled with his animal nature.
It might indeed be the case that monstrosity will be the order of the
(end of) days, in the sense of a final blow to a purely human-centered
universe. All of the alchemical transformations will act to usher the
human off the stage, as Foucault imagines on the last page of The Order
of Things.:
As the archaeology of our thought easily shows, man is an invention of recent date. And one perhaps nearing its end.
If those arrangements were to disappear as they appeared, if some event
of which we can at the moment do no more than sense the possibility –
without knowing either what its form will be or what it promises – were
to cause them to crumble, as the ground of Classical thought did, at the
end of the eighteenth century, then one can certainly wager that man
would be erased, like a face drawn in sand at the edge of the sea.
[3] Bill Viola from his exhibition catalog, quoted by Agamben in Nymphs
[4] See e-flux online journal #62 article by Philip Grant which looks
at the mysteries of hyperfinance, gold, and the alchemical/occult:
http://www.e-flux.com/journal/too-real-an-unreality-financial-markets-as-occult/
[5] from Eduardo Cadava and Paola Cortés-Rocca, “Notes on Love and Photogaphy,” in Photography Degree Zero, Ed. Geoffrey Batchen
[6] Colin Bennett, The Dream Life of Prototypes. (Taken from his
now-defunct website, Combat Diaries, closed after his recent death.)